(1) The Rise of Blockchain and a New Industrial

Revolution

The development of blockchain technology shows a trend of accelerating

to commercial. At present, distance block chain technology prototype

4Concept Hash Cash has been put forward only 23 years, and only 12 years

away from the formal introduction of the concept of "block chain" by the

scholars signed "Zhongben Cong ". Twelve years ago, blockchain technology

went through three distinct stages of technological evolution, the first

stage marked by the birth of "bitcoin ", the realization of decentralized

accounting technology and digital money industry. The second stage is

characterized by the generation of "intelligent contract ", the bottom

technology is constantly innovating, and the block chain economy is

rapidly expanded to the financial field.

After more than ten years of technology precipitation and iterative

evolution, the blockchain is infiltrating into the rich at an

unprecedented rate

And the pluralistic human society life, speeds up to 3.0 times, more and

more human life work scene will embrace the block chain technology. A large

number of blockchain startups began to emerge in 2016, competing for

industry application exploration, and entered the outbreak period of

industry application in 2017.

With the degree of current technology accumulation, it can be safely

judged that the blockchain economy is already on the eve of the outbreak

period,

is about to usher in a new technological revolution. According to Klaus

Schwab, founder of Davos Forum (Klaus Schwab)

believe that blockchain, as an important outcome of the fourth industrial

revolution after steam engine, electrification, computer, is expected to

use blockchain technology to store 10% of the total global GDP by 2025.

By 2020, blockchain-based businesses will reach 100 billion, according

to market research Gartner forecasts in addition to the financial sector,

the manufacturing and supply chain management industries will bring

trillions of dollars into the blockchainin the market. a research

consultancy MarketsandMarkets predicts in the thematic research report

that the composite annual average growth value of global blockchain market

application and program suppliers will reach the highest between 2016 and

2021. The operations of such suppliers include payments, documentation,

transactions and other programmes to improve the efficiency of business

operations. According to the forecast, among the industries involved in

blockchain technology, banks, securities and insurance have the highest

market share. In the future, the development speed of entertainment and

5media industry dominated by blockchain technology will continue to

accelerate, and the production involved in blockchain will continue to

accelerate industries include healthcare, internet of things, supply

chain management, energy management, IP management, network security,

education, games, voting elections, car house asset leasing, forecasting,

cloud storage, sports management, government public records, retail,

philanthropy, human resources, corporate governance, credit records,

advanced manufacturing, etc. more application scenarios are expanding and

deepening.

(ii) Technical characteristics of blockchain

Block chain technology is not a single technology, but a combination of

multiple research results based on

The application value of the integrated technology system has received

worldwide attention. United States, EU, Germany,

Developed economies such as Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia

and Russia collectively recognize blockchain technology

The huge application prospect, starts to think from the national level

the block chain development road, causes the block chain technology in

the global

Will be universally needed. The core technologies of blockchain are:

consensus mechanism, cryptography principle and distributed data

Storage.

First, the consensus mechanism. The so-called consensus, refers to the

multi-party participation of nodes under the preset rules, through

multiplethe process by which node interactions agree on certain data,

behaviors, or processes. Consensus mechanism refers to the process of

defining consensus algorithms, protocols, and rules. The consensus

mechanism of block chain has "minority subordinate majority" and

"everyone is equal"

The number of nodes doesn't always refer to the number of nodes, but it

can also be called computing power, equity

The number or number of features that other computers can compare.

"Equality for all" means that when a node meets the conditions, all nodes

have the right to give priority to the consensus results, be directly

recognized by other nodes and finally become the final consensus results.

Second, the principle of cryptography. In blockchain technology,

information spreads according to the non-pair of public and private keys

6Said digital encryption technology to achieve mutual trust between the

parties to the transaction. In the concrete implementation process,

through the public, private key

A process in which information is encrypted with one key and can only be

solved with another. And there will be after one secret key is disclosed

(i.e. public key), another private key (i.e. private key) can not be

measured according to the public key.

Third, distributed storage. The distributed storage in the block chain

is that each participating node has its own independent,

Each node storage is independent and equal, relying on consensus

mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional

Distributed storage generally synchronizes data to other backup nodes

through central nodes. Data nodes can be different physical machines or

different instances of the cloud.

(iii) Why the vaccine chain should be expected 

From the technical path to solve the problem of trust between people. For

biopharmaceuticals, blockchain technology can be of great value in the

fields of clinical trial recording, compliance regulation and medical

health monitoring records, as well as in health management, medical

equipment data recording, drug treatment, billing and settlement, adverse

event safety, medical asset management, medical contract management, etc.

It has great significance in life ethics and social governance:

First, the field of biopharmaceuticals is a field rich in information,

extremely asymmetric and must be documented. Block chain technology can

achieve "multi-party write" bookkeeping, accounting participants are

composed of multiple entities with incomplete interests, and in different

accounting cycles, different participants, such as regulators, medical

institutions, medical institutions, social security institutions,

doctors, patients, employers, insurance companies and other

"multi-center" lead to initiate accounting, while other participants will

jointly verify the accounting information initiated by the leading party.

The scientific, multi-dimensional and complex nature of modern medical,

testing and diagnostic information is naturally in line with the region

blockchain this technical solution.

II. The quality of vaccine development and production is a matter of human

health and fundamental dignity, and it is important to ensure that the

true record is not tampered with. In the blockchain, each event and

transaction has a timestamp that becomes part of a long chain or permanent

record and can not be tampered with afterwards. All records can be viewed

by all parties on a blockchain without permission restrictions. on a

blockchain with authority limits, parties can, by agreement, determine

7which parties can view which transactions, thereby maintaining privacy,

and parties can mask their identity when needed. In this way, the block

chain completes the entire life cycle of the asset Full record. As assets

flow through the entire supply chain, both patient health records and a

bottle of tablets all records are clearly visible.

III. The recording and traceability of vaccine information data relates

to the entire life cycle of all individuals, and there should be

significant amounts use the foreground. Individual complete health

history, including each vital sign, efficient and accurate recording of

vaccination. All information related to doctor's diagnosis, patient's

disease and surgery, all related to medical staff, location, event the

disk history data is valuable for accurate treatment and disease

prevention, and the block chain is good for bringing together individuals

and even groups of institutions .The real-time storage and sharing of body

data has great application prospect. Minimizing medical risks and medical

malpractice.Fourth, health care is the most strictly regulated field, its

application has the positive externality of social governance. Area the

standardization of intelligent contracts in block chain applications is

a key link and has great value in the supervision of medical behavior.

E It can promote the transparency of pharmaceutical prices, the current

circulation of medicine in the field of rent-seeking and other phenomena

governance, has a pole great utility. When non-compliance occurs, smart

contracts track compliance independently and send it to relevant parties

in real time send notice, effectively remove the inspection link, simplify

the execution process, reduce the cost of supervision.

Fifth, the development and production of vaccines need to consume a lot

of data calculation, virus research will produce a lot of data. Modeling

with which data is critical, so it is important to calculate computational

power. hence, if a high-performance, networked GPU network can be

organized, it is very helpful to solve this problem. The application of

blockchain technology can be used to connect thousands of computers around

the world to form a distributed supercomputer for disease research, which

can more quickly find the nucleic acid composition and protein operation

of the virus. How to help vaccine experts to establish an effective test

program, the success rate of vaccine development is greatly improved

Gao.